Mobilink Jazz Essay Example

Mobilink Jazz Essay Example Mobilink Jazz Essay Mobilink Jazz Essay The task in your grasp follows an advertising plan in which Mobilink Jazz is talked about. The arrangement is straightforward yet with changes to Mobilink Jazz’s promoting plan. The report holds the market division for this telecom specialist co-op. Alongside that it talks about the principle four P’s of Maketing and likely arrangements for every one of them. Before all the previously mentioned, notwithstanding, we’ve talked about the media transmission industry in detil and have completed an examination of the area. In the consummation we have the planning of the showcasing end of Jazz. Expectation you like the exertion we’ve put into it. Upbeat Reading! Chapter by chapter list Table of Contents Introduction5 Industry Analysis8 PEST, BCG, Porter’s 5 Forces, Positioning Map11 The 4 P’s16 Marketing Budgeting33 The New Package35 Introduction Mobilink GSM (PMCL), an auxiliary of Orascom Telecom is the market head in giving best in class interchanges arrangements in Pakistan. Orascom Telecom Holding S. A. E (OTH), the parent organization situated in Egypt was set up in 1998, and has developed to turn into the biggest and most broadened GSM arrange administrator in the Middle East, Africa, and Pakistan. With more than ten licenses covering the locale, Orascom Telecom has situated itself as a main media communications aggregate in developing markets of this district. Orascom enter in the Pakistani market through the authorizing where they need to pay the Royalty charge. Mobilink covers roughly 85 percent of Pakistans urban populace and it can gladly flaunt being the principal cell specialist co-op in Pakistan to work on a 100% advanced GSM innovation. It offers duty designs that are only intended to oblige the correspondence needs of a various gathering of individuals, considering incidental clients to agents. To accomplish this target, Mobilink offers both postpaid (Indigo) and the paid ahead of time (JAZZ) answers for its clients. Notwithstanding giving propelled voice correspondence administrations, Mobilink likewise offers various worth added administrations to its esteemed supporters. Remembering its clients comfort, Mobilink has likewise packaged versatile handsets, sold either freely or packaged in Get Set Go Pack. Mobilink GSM began tasks in the year 1994, as a third participant in the market, while Paktel and Instaphone were at that point working since 1991 and had procured considerable market infiltration. Notwithstanding the re-dispatch of Ufone, the fundamental contender, Mobilink has kept up its force of development. The sum total of what this has been conceivable due to between departmental collaboration and fortifying of Mobilink’s brands. Till mid 2001, they had a piece of the overall industry of 43%. OT took over administration control of the organization in April 2001 and changed the general market elements through its forceful advertising technique and mastery. In under two years time Mobilink developed by practically 400% with showcase administration of 60% piece of the pie (year end 2003). When it entered the market it was a little player in the cell market of Pakistan it is currently the market chief both regarding development just as having the biggest supporter base in Pakistan. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS The Pakistani cell industry includes 6 players: Mobilink, Ufone, Telenor, Warid Telecom, Zong (a brand of China Mobile Pakistan) and Instaphone, out of which, Instaphone has not kept up a noticeable market position in the business, and consequently, has the least number of supporters. According to the PTA discoveries as of June 2008, the quantity of endorsers for Mobilink is more than 32 million clients (and has roughly 36. 39% of the piece of the overall industry). While Ufone and Telenor tie for second spot with 21% piece of the pie, Warid Telecom has 17. 9% of the pie while Zong being the latest has a portion of 4. 4%. The value delicate industry faces extreme rivalry from all players in the market, which is reflected by the advertising efforts and by watching the past, along these lines making cell benefits a profoundly versatile item. The market, in any case, is viewed as exceptionally worthwhile as there are just 6 administrators who are offering types of assistance to simply o ver portion of Pakistan’s populace †the teledensity figures are a little underneath 60%. Simultaneously, organizations are putting resources into foundation and innovation so as to serve the undiscovered markets. The PTA goes about as an administering body for all media transmission related suppliers in the nation, and has set various guidelines which administrators will undoubtedly follow, to the degree that administrators are required to acquire an endorsement from the PTA before propelling another item or administration, in this way giving the position forces to control the intensity of the business. Innovation is continually changing in the telecom segment. As of late, two different players entered the market with BlackBerry support, so as to counter Mobilink’s control. Besides, as 3G licenses are relied upon to be granted for the current year, it is normal that organizations will put resources into 3G and turn out administrations to clients inside one year. Besides, as the telecom area is seeing fast development, spoke to by high incomes, organizations are contriving new strategies on pulling in and focusing on clients and attempting to build the normal income acquired per client. Firms contend based on estimating, while nature of administration is frequently neglected. The telecom division has confronted a blast because of the consistent decrease in cost, and the capacity of system suppliers to ceaselessly add clients to their client base. Because of this, organizations gain force and size quickly, and can are along these lines ready to offer more types of assistance. Simultaneously, these organizations become money rich, and speculation is an on-going procedure. System inclusion, sponsored SIM card rates, the capacity to change starting with one system then onto the next while holding a similar number all have presented open doors for various suppliers, however at the same time, these are additionally difficulties. The industry’s achievement is because of the a lot of speculation that happens. The telecom segment takes a decent lump of the yearly FDI, with venture running into a huge number of dollars. Clearly, these organizations are making generous measures of benefit, considering there is no bar on the measure of settlements organizations are permitted to take to their home countries’. The measure of cash telecom organizations use for venture and development intentions is sizable, in this way giving a chance to money related foundations to offer their credit. From July 1 2008, the legislature reported in the spending that the telecom benefits in Pakistan will have a business expense of 21% instead of the 15% that was charged previously. This is a critical advancement in the telecom sector’s story as the present telecom entrance rate is under 60%, and this additionally represents a test to the development rate as essential access to telecom administrations has been made progressively costly for the purchasers. It ought to be noticed that there are different duties, for example, the actuation charge that is set up for every association sold (adding up to Rs. 00 for every association or SIM card), which is as of now being sold at a sponsored rate by the administrators. Besides, the cell organizations and the principle fixed-line administrator in the nation moved a request to annul the USF (Universal Service Fund) Access Promotion Charge so as to augment their incomes. Right now, organizations are now satisfying the fundamental prerequ isite of 1. 5% of absolute incomes, and think about the APC as hindering to their incomes. Recently has a proposition been sent to its Ministry and Telecom to evacuate the APC. Piece of the pie Bug ANALYSIS POLITICAL: Considering the current politically instable condition in Pakistan, the telecom area of Pakistan isn't doing too gravely. The area was by a wide margin the biggest beneficiary of outside direct interest in 2007-08. According to PTA, the business keeps on including in excess of 3 million new versatile supporters consistently considerably under the present conditions. Despite the fact that the as often as possible changing government brings visit changes in the laws and guidelines, this doesn't anyway prevent the quantity of clients from expanding. Monetary: Around the world there’s a passive economy winning. There is an expansion in the financing costs and the droop in the economy world over doesn’t appear to be reaching a conclusion. Pakistan is no special case to this downturn. Because of swelling, cost of each item/administration is soaring. Aside from that the expansion in government extract obligation on media transmission administrations from 15 percent to 21 percent has antagonistically affected the use of cell phone and has brought about decrease in administration utilization by 8 percent to 9 percent inside barely any long stretches of the past monetary year. Out of line tax collection would prompt troubling the new potential country buyers who don't approach cell phone office hampering the improvement of the provincial economy. The development in the media transmission segment during most recent 4 years was recorded 100 percent because of its growing customer base(Daily Times, July 7, 2008). Notwithstanding, the weight of expenses and obligations will diminish the use by the shoppers bringing about less incomes for the administration and decreased activities by the organizations. SOCIAL: Cellular transformation has surprised Pakistan. The versatile thickness in Pakistan is arriving at 56% (Babar Bhatti, August 31, 2008). Cell phones are progressively being utilized as a social apparatus over the globe. Pakistani cell organizations are likewise attempting to get on with this developing ‘cellular activism’ furor. It’s genuine that cell organizations have restricted extent of activity most definitely still practically all the portable organizations of Pakistan are doing a social elevate ventures. Telenor, for example, has propelled a farmers’ inspire conspire TeleKisan other than the apna PCO and different plans. S

Benjamin Franklin 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benjamin Franklin 2 - Essay Example Actually Franklin made a few visits to England to facilitate the issues that was being looked because of the British states. The British represented the settlements through a leading body of Trade, individuals from Parliament lastly headed y the Crown. The circumstance in Pennsylvania was with the end goal that the adolescent was uneducated and there was no arrangement for safeguard. Just the offspring of rich or whoever could manage the cost of were instructed. The provinces relied upon modest work as Franklin saw how a delicate weak lady would clear the whole length of the street for a couple pence. Franklin found that the boulevards were not instantly cleaned and were dim. Defilement won and the expense framework was unjustified. To keep monitor around evening time, gatekeeper gathered an equivalent sum from an individual who had a little plot and even from a rich man who had a tremendous manor. Franklin demonstrates that servitude and abuse governed the settlements and the average folks capitulated to such reinforced work out of urgency. He felt this was unjustified and challenged this. Franklin set up Academies and Societies to serve the general public on the loose. Franklin drew up an arrangement for the association of all settlements under one government to smooth out the resistance and different issues. His arrangements were affirmed albeit a few of the officials had framed comparative plans. A board of trustees was framed that involved one part structure every state. The arrangement was at long last not affirmed as the British idea it was excessively popularity based. One more arrangement similarly to join the settlements was dismissed in spite of have open enthusiasm for it. Franklin understood that open measure ought not be received from past shrewdness however ought to rely on the event. Franklin saw that the settlement governors influenced their representatives to pass no represent requiring the essential charges at whatever point there was any cost to be acquired for the barrier of their territory. To guarantee that

How to Write a TOP Grade Essay

How to Write a TOP Grade Essay How to Create a Good Essay Home›Tips for Students›How to Create a Good Essay Tips for StudentsResearch work of students is one of the most important forms of educational process. It allows the student to start a complete scientific work, to find like-minded people, with whom it is possible to consult and share the fruits of their research. All university students carry out different types of research work and write essays.HOW TO WRITE A PERFECT PAPERThese tips will help you create a top grade writing paper.WORK WITH SOURCESWriting a scientific work requires a clear idea of the level of development of the topic under study in science. That is why you need to get acquainted with the main literature concerning the chosen topic (monographs, articles). Searches for this literature will be used by systematic and alphabetical collections, as well as by various bibliographical references. It is expedient to note the data from sources on separate cards or in the notebook, mentioning all the facts about the publication (the surname and initials of the author, the name of the monograph, articles or collections of articles, abstracts, place, year of publication, title of the publishing house, number of pages). The results of the experiments can be presented in charts, tables, and formulas.THE MAIN STAGES OF WORK ON THE TEXTTraditionally, the structure of scientific work contains the following components: introduction, the body of the text, conclusions, list of used literature. There is also a list of conditional abbreviations, a list of sources used, and the application. It is advisable to submit the contents immediately after the title page of the page with the indication of pages. Note, it can be formatted as a simple or elaborate plan.Creating a top grade writing paper involves the following steps:diagnostic (choice of topic, determination of the purpose and tasks of the study);prognostic (determination of the ways of solving the tasks, justification of the relevan ce and novelty of the research);organization (collecting information, compiling the list of literature, processing, and systematizing the material, drawing up a plan, writing a work, formulating conclusions, editing the text, forecasting possible questions and answers to them, public presentation).CHOOSE A PROPER TOPICThe choice of theme is the initial stage of work. This is a critical phase because the topic predetermines all the further course of work. The subject of your work should neither be too broad nor too narrow.There are several requirements for the topic of good papers:Relevance and novelty (the argumentation of the necessity of conducting research, the disclosure of the real need for the study of the topic, the relevance of the topic to the current state of a particular science);Scientific orientation (correctness of the use of terms, concepts, and formulations);The problem (the theme should have research-exploratory character);Accuracy (correspondence to the facts that objectively exist in science);Originality.THE STRUCTURE OF A GOOD PAPERThe next step after selecting the topic is related to the development of the structure of work.It is necessary to adhere to the general requirements, according to which the structure of work includes:cover sheet;list of contents;the enumeration of the symbols (if necessary);introduction;the main part;conclusions;list of used literature;applications (if necessary).HOW TO WRITE AN INTRODUCTIONIn the introduction of a top grade writing paper, the choice of the topic of research, its relevance and novelty, the purpose and objectives of the research are formulated. The definition of relevance is nothing more than an indication of the degree of the development of a topic, the place of research among such works. In other words, it is necessary to show what has already been done in this area by others, and what should be done by the author of the work. The purpose of the paper is the main direction of the research activi ty, which must be achieved by the results of the work in the most general form. The research objectives specify the purpose, determine the main content of the work. Tasks transform into names of sections (subsections). In the formulation of tasks, the following verbs are commonly used: to define, to reveal, to create, to identify, to develop, to establish, to argue, etc. It is necessary to avoid the use of words such as studying, analyzing, reviewing, exploring, etc., as they convey the process of achieving the goal.Typical mistakes in the formulation of tasks are as follows:the task is formulated wider than the goal;the problem is formulated almost the same as the goal;the tasks are set inconsistently;a large number of tasks.THE BODY OF THE TEXT ESSENCEAs usual, the main part of the paper is divided into chapters, sections, and subdivisions in which an analytical review of the literature on the subject is made, an analysis of certain scientific phenomena in the aspect of the resear ch problem. Typically, a student research work consists of two chapters: the first one involves, as a rule, theoretical material, and the second one is practical. If the research problem is divided into relatively independent parts, the number of chapters may be larger. In this case, the first one (general) includes theoretical material, and the following paragraphs are devoted to each problem and can include both theoretical and practical material. It is necessary to remember that each part of your work must be completed with brief conclusions.HOW TO MAKE CONCLUSIONSThe most difficult thing is to formulate the conclusions of the study. This section summarizes the essence of the scientific results of the work, summarizes the findings in the form of some abstracts. At the same time, the number and content of the conclusion points must be correlated with the tasks and content of the work. Conclusions need to be formulated in a meaningful plan, which means not just the results of the s tudy should be called but their essence too.To clarify the logic of constructing the entire work, it is useful to implement the following method to compare the research tasks with the names of parts of work and with the conclusions. If the number and contents of tasks and conclusions are correlated with each other and correspond to the names of the sections (subsection), then the logical structure of the work is sustained.LIST OF SOURCES AND APPLICATIONSThe author of the work is obliged to refer to the sources and materials that he or she uses in the research process. The list of sources used (books, monographs, articles from the magazine and newspapers, articles in collections of conference materials or scientific works, electronic addresses of sites, etc.) must be formed either in alphabetical order of the writers’ names or as the references appear in the text of the work. The Applications section includes additional material. It is formed in case of necessity of complete disclo sure of the contents and results of research. The number of applications is determined by the author of the work.This section may include:tables, illustrations of auxiliary character;copies of archival documents;photographs, charts, maps, questionnaires, etc.;recommendations on the practical use of the results obtained, etc.Applications are placed after the main content, while the numbering of pages of work continues. If necessary, the applications can be issued as an independent part and have the form of a booklet, brochure, etc.

Summary of a Spark Neglected Burns the House - 6124 Words

Then came Peter, and said to him, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? until seven times? Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven times; but, Until seventy times seven. Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, which would make a reckoning with his servants. And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him, which owed him ten thousand talents. But forasmuch as he had not wherewith to pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife, and children, and all that he had, and payment to be made. The servant therefore fell down and worshipped him, saying, Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. And the lord of that servant, being moved with compassion,†¦show more content†¦Ill fetch the egg later on. In the evening she went to the cart, but found no egg there. She went and asked her mother-in-law and brother-in-law whether they had taken the egg. No, they had not; but her youngest brother-in-law, Tarà ¡s, said: Your Biddy laid its egg in the neighbours yard. It was there she was cackling, and she flew back across the fence from there. The woman went and looked at the hen. There she was on the perch with the other birds, her eyes just closing ready to go to sleep. The woman wished she could have asked the hen and got an answer from her. Then she went to the neighbours, and Gabriels mother came out to meet her. What do you want, young woman? Why, Granny, you see, my hen flew across this morning. Did she not lay an egg here? We never saw anything of it. The Lord be thanked, our own hens started laying long ago. We collect our own eggs and have no need of other peoples! And we dont go looking for eggs in other peoples yards, lass! The young woman was offended, and said more than she should have done. Her neighbour answered back with interest, and the women began abusing each other. Ivans wife, who had been to fetch water, happening to pass just then, joined in too. Gabriels wife rushed out, and began reproaching the young woman with things that had really happened and with other things that never had happened at all. 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The Differences Between Opinions Of Tougher Guise Essay

The leading point central on the difference between opinions of Tough Guise are that forcefulness in America is overpoweringly a gendered occurrence and that any effort to comprehend violence consequently involves that we realize its link to traditional codes and beliefs of courage and manhood (Kataz, 5). Over the year’s media images has played a major role in many individuals’ behavior changed established on his or her beliefs, also on how someone thinks and acts found off on what individuals see (Kataz, 5). One the foremost point of this documentary is that regardless of widespread change of violence in American culture, it’s very encouraging that violence can be stopped. Violent masculinity is no more â€Å"natural† than media imagery. Together depend on organized routines. The assumption of this documentary amount to this: By identifying, and categorizing, masculinity which is a process, a painful repetitive built on elimination and watching, we may be able to begin to learn how to break free with the narrowing problems of masculinity. Tough Guise efficiently looks at those relationships between pop-cultural imagery and the social development of mascot characters in what are to come for U.S. encountered with urban decay because of the process of social changes in the government which is a concept better known as deindustrialization (Kataz, 1). Manhood is made, not given – as opposed to one’s natural gender; A serious investigation of restricted media images of manhoodShow MoreRelatedProgress, Not Always a Good Thing Essay2178 Words   |  9 Pageswill create progress and presto you have the ability to do what you want. Taken at face value it is simple to see why people could share this vision of progress absolutely, since it seems to only good, but this just the concept reality is always the tougher teacher. The role that progress played in peoples vision of the future usually lead to idealized notions and the triumph of republicanism, but these were not consistent across the board since people faced very different futures in their constantlyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pageswell as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, Keele University, UK An unusually rich and deep philosophical book on organization theory with several new thinkersRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages124 The Evolution of Project Management at Quixtar 145 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CULTURES 151 Como Tool and Die (A) 153 Como Tool and Die (B) 157 Apache Metals, Inc. 160 Haller Specialty Manufacturing 162 The NF3 Project: Managing Cultural Differences 163 An International Project Manager s Day (A) 172 An International Project Manager s Day (B) (see handout provided by instructor) An International Project Manager s Day (C) (see handout provided by instructor) An International Project ManagerRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesJames is an entrepreneur – but what is going to make this business great is a focused, long-term brand strategy. To his credit James has had the foresight to step aside and let the people who understand and believe this run the company. It’s about a difference in style.6 As to the strategic review, Rodol observed: Over the years, we’ve pursued a number of opportunities that we shouldn’t have done. The intention we have over the next couple of months is to examine what the core of Ministry of SoundRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesextravagant levels in anticipation. The rosy expectations collapsed as we moved into a recession in 2007 and 2008. Notable Marketing Successes Southwest Airlines found a strategic window of opportunity as the lowest cost and lowest price carrier between certain cities. And how it milked this opportunity! Now it threatened major airlines in many of their domestic routes. However, by 2008, competitors were beginning to counter Southwest’s price advantage. Nike and Reebok were major competitors in

Pressure Area Care Free Essays

Unit HSC 2024 –Undertake agreed pressure area care 1. 1 Pressure sores or decubitus ulcers are the result of a constant deficiency of blood to the tissues over a bony area such as a heel which may have been in contact with a bed or a splint over an extended period of time. The surface of the skin can ulcerate which may become infected. We will write a custom essay sample on Pressure Area Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eventually deeper tissues are damaged. Besides the heel, other areas commonly involved are the skin over the buttocks, sacrum, ankles hips and other bony sites of the body. 1. 2 Common pressure points on the body include the tail bone (sacrum), hip bone areas, and the ankle and heel. Less common sites include the elbows, spine, ribs, and back of the head. Pressure sores may also result from friction caused by your skin rubbing against another surface, or when two layers of skin slide on each other, moving in opposite directions and causing damage to the underlying tissue. This may happen if you are transferred from a bed to a stretcher, or if you slide down in a chair. 1. 3 Pressure sores are more likely to develop persons who are at higher risk due to one or more risk factors.. Once a person is identified as being at increased risk for pressure sores, measures should be undertaken to reduce or eliminate those risks. Confinement to bed, chair, or wheelchair. Persons confined to beds, chairs, or wheelchairs who are unable to move themselves, can develop pressure-induced injuries in as little as 1-2 hours if the pressure is not relieved; Inability to change positions without help. (Eg, an individual in a coma, who is paralyzed, or recovering from a hip fracture or other mobility limitation. ) Loss of bowel or bladder control. Sources of moisture on the skin from urine, stool, or perspiration can irritate the skin. Poor hygiene , not washing regularly or drying properly Poor nutrition and/or dehydration. Bed sores are more likely to form when the skin is not properly nourished. Decreased mental awareness. An individual with decreased mental awareness may not have the level of sensory perception or ability to act to prevent the development of pressure-induced injury. The lack of mental awareness may arise from medications. 1. 4 Incorrect positioning can cause pressure on the area. Sliding can cause friction and shearing. Friction caused by the client lifted incorrectly causing the skin to be damaged because the pressure is more that the skin cannot hold, so the result will be breakage of the skin. Rubbing of clothes, shoes and slings will also cause friction. Incorrectly putting a sling into place, and not using mobility aids available. 1. 5 Following the correct policies and procedures set in place will help prevent or help clear any sores. Monitoring the skin and following instructions to manage this will also help prevent and sores. Correct hygiene and moving techniques. Ensuring an individual regularly moves even if they may be limited. 1. 6 Redness of an area, dry skin, sore skin, broken skin, and marked areas, all need to be reported, as these are signs that the skin is breaking down. 2. 1 Read our company policies and procedures on pressure care. Also CQC has guidelines, what is expected of you. 2. 2 Read our policies aim what is expected of you from the company. Read care plans on pressure care and carry out an waterlow risk assessment. How to cite Pressure Area Care, Essay examples

Outline Treaty of Versailles vs. Treaty of Vienna free essay sample

The defeat of Napoleon in 1815 and the defeat of Germany in 1918 both prompted a European peace conference to be held. The Congress of Vienna held after Napoleon’s defeat established equilibrium of power in Europe. In doing this and imposing lenient measures, they maintained peace in Europe. On the contrary, the Treaty of Versailles aggressively pursued the punishment of Germany. The Treaty of Vienna following the Napoleonic Wars instituted fair demands that successfully suppressed French aggression whereas the harsh demand for reparations on the devastated German economy in the Treaty of Versailles failed to suppress future German aggression. I. The Treaty of Vienna prevented future aggression after the Napoleonic Wars by realistically dealing with defeated France. a. Congress of Vienna met in 1815 in order to construct a lasting peace settlement. b. First Peace of Paris gave France the boundaries it possessed in 1792 c. Metternich, Talleyward and Castlereagh believed that a balance of power in Europe would prevent future aggression by France and other countries i. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline Treaty of Versailles vs. Treaty of Vienna or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Low Countries were united under the Dutch monarchy ii. Prussia received territory on the Rhine- France’s eastern border iii. Polish kingdom created d. France lost very little territory and had to pay only 700 million Francs in reparations e. Quadruple Alliance agreed to meet occasionally and discuss interests in Europe and maintain peace II. The Treaty of Versailles after World War I sought unnecessarily harsh demands on an already crippled Germany and ultimately led to the breakdown of the Treaty and peace in Europe. a. Met at Versailles in 1919 with intentions of a peace settlement and high German reparations b. Unrealistic goals of the Treaty were unable to be ratified or enforced i. League of Nations proposed by Wilson, meant ot maintain peace in Europe and avert future wars. Unable to enforce peace in Europe ii. France made defensive Alliance with Britain and U. S. ; U. S. adopted isolationism, Britain backs out. c. Harsh Punishment for Germany i. Germany lost a large amount of territory 1. Alsace-Lorraine to the French 2. All of Germany’s overseas colonies were distributed among France, Britain and Japan ii. German military was contained to 100,000 men. Demilitarization of Rhineland iii. Sole war-guilt was placed on Germany, and Germany paid large reparations out of an already failing economy. d. Germany accepts Treaty on June 28th, 1919 Moderation in the agreement of the Treaty of Veinna proved to create a far more effective negotiation than the terms brought against Germany at the close of WWI. The Treaty of Vienna created a balance of power in Europe, and did not totally decimate France through reparations. On the other hand, the Treaty of Versailles demanded a weak German military, and ultimately destroyed their economy through the large war reparations. The weak politics and failing economy caused a power vacuum within Germany that eventually gave rise to the Nazi regime. The balance of power in the Treaty of Vienna created a realistic and achievable peace in Europe.

Argumentative Essay Sample on Smoking in Public Places 5 Factors to Consider

Argumentative Essay Sample on Smoking in Public Places 5 Factors to Consider Smoking has become a major problem, especially, in those areas that as densely populated. Some people are addicted to smoking, and they cannot be isolated from non-smokers. The problem is the conflict that arises between smokers enjoying their cigarettes in areas where non-smokers live. In order to prepare an argumentative essay on smoking in public places, the writer must consider several factors: One of these factors is the laws and regulations that govern any country. The writer needs to read extensively relevant materials that explain what the law of the land is regarding smoking. Some countries allow smokers and nonsmokers to mix without any problem, regardless of whether one is smoking in congested areas or not. In such countries, smokers are expected make ethical decisions and think about the effect of their smoke on the people who do not smoke. Another point the argumentative essay should explain is whether there is any law that forbids smokers from using cigarettes in public. In such countries, the law explains where smoking zones are located, if any, and the punishment that smokers should face if they break the law by smoking in non-smoking zones. In any argumentative essay, the writer should be able to show the contradicting views of people. For instance, in the argumentative essay on smoking in public places, the writer should explain what the consequences are for not setting up smoking zones. The reason is that some people may argue that smoking in public places has no negative effects that warrant its ban, while others may argue out that smoking in public places is so bad and dangerous that governments should ban it completely in towns. The writer should not present just the legislation, or desired future legislation. This does not get to the root of the argument, it rather illustrates that there is an argument. What are needed are the clear roots of the argument to be exposed and debated. These roots are primarily based in health concerns. The claims that second hand smoke leads to serious health problems must be the strong focus. Voices for and against this position must be clearly presented. In addition, you must back legal arguments using the legal framework in existence in good detail. Generalizations of the laws and their background will not be strong enough. The essay should not consider only one side of the debate, as this is a major clash between millions of people and governments worldwide. It is emotive, and controversial. One can also add the major economic consequences of smoking and not smoking. Governments raise enormous amounts of tax on cigarette sales, hundreds of thousands of people work in the cigarette industry directly and millions indirectly. This versus the cost to the economy of smoking related diseases will add an interesting dimension to the argument.

The Difference Between Sore vs. Soar

The Difference Between Sore vs. Soar The words soar and sore are English homophones, meaning they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The verb soar means to rise or fly high in the air. Soar also means to rise above the ordinary level. As an adjective, sore means feeling pain, sorrow, distress, or resentment. The noun sore refers to a blister or some other source of pain or irritation. Examples Oscar watched the spotted eagle soar and then sweep low.The housing market in Canadas largest  cities has priced out many would-be buyers, leaving them stuck in their current homes as new listings hit  six-year lows and prices soar.(Reuters, Moving on Up? Not in This Canadian Housing Market. The New York Times, June 8, 2016)Another time  she  wakened to see a ball of fire, a kind of lit-up soap bubble, soar from one roof to another and sink behind it. She was aware that what she saw was the spirit of someone who had just died.(Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Key. A Friend of Kafka and Other Stories, 1970)If you feel sore after exercising, you may need to wait a day or two before you stretch.Even a small loan between friends can become a sore point in the relationship.The Chambers of Commerce are still trying to build a freeway through the Ozarks, and I am  still sore about  it.(Roy Reed, Looking for Hogeye.  University of North Carolina Press, 1986) Idiom Alerts The expression sore loser refers to someone who becomes angry or upset after losing a fair competition.In public he was willing to laugh at himself but in private he was not, and whether the game was billiards or business, he  was a very sore loser. When he could fire the men he thought had betrayed him he would.(John D. Seelye, Mark Twain in the Movies. Viking, 1977)The expression sore spot refers to something thats physically or mentally painful or sensitive.Though she had long since grown used to my dedication at the office and now accepted it as part of my character, I knew it had always been  a sore spot with  her.(Nicholas Sparks, The Wedding. Perfection Learning, 2005)The expression sight for sore eyes  refers to someone or something thats a welcome sight and/or particularly attractive.My!  Mrs. Evans! you are certainly a  sight for sore eyes!  I dont know how you manage to look so unruffled and cool and young! With all those children.(James Baldwin,  Blues for Mister Charlie. Dial Press, 1964) Practice Quiz (a) In 1903, the Wright Brothers became the first humans to _____  aloft in a power-driven airplane.(b) After spending the night on the living room sofa, I woke up feeling _____  all over.(c) The  Evening Star Baptist Church was crowded  when I arrived and the service had begun. The members were rousing a song, urging the music to _____  beyond  all physical boundaries.(Maya Angelou,  Singin and Swingin and Gettin Merry Like Christmas. Random House, 1997) Answers to Practice Exercises (a) In 1903, the Wright Brothers became the first humans to soar aloft in a power-driven airplane.(b) After spending the night on the living room sofa, I woke up feeling sore all over.(c) The  Evening Star Baptist Church was crowded  when I arrived and the service had begun. The members were rousing a song, urging the music to soar beyond  all physical boundaries.(Maya Angelou,  Singin and Swingin and Gettin Merry Like Christmas. Random House, 1997)

Automobile Workers vs Johnson Controls Inc Case Study

Automobile Workers vs Johnson Controls Inc - Case Study Example Eight employees of a battery manufacturing company who were pregnant exhibited increased lead quantities in their blood – more than what OSHA approves to be a considerable amount (Rehnquist, Kennedy, & Scalia, 1991). The company later barred all women from working in lead related departments except those who could not have children, though after passing clinical tests to ascertain their conditions. This prompted a group of employees to file a case in the District Court. They argued that the policy discriminated against the female gender and violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Rehnquist et al., 1991). The District Court and the Court of Appeal granted the respondents a summary judgment on grounds that their fetal protection policy is reasonably necessary to further the industrial safety concern. The petitioners claimed that excluding fertile women from lead-exposed jobs, the respondent's policy creates a facial grouping based on gender besides marginalizing them under 703(a) of Title VII (Rehnquist et al., 1991). They claimed the policy is not neutral because it does not apply to males despite evidence that lead exposure poses great harm to their reproductive system. They cited that provided that the fertile women performed their duties as expected, the company has no right to segregate them. However, the respondents argue that they are concerned about the other coming generation’s status regardless of the law exclusively being for the parents (Rehnquist et al., 1991). Ethical Issues Is the company in line with professional work ethics and fair gender opportunities law by passing the policy discriminating fertile and infertile women from working in the lead related departments? No, the company does not satisfy its expected moral and ethical standards as required in the society by passing a policy that stigmatizes the female gender. Additionally, it also violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that protects all genders fro m discrimination. By so doing, the company would be creating a facial categorization that utilizes gender to segregate women (Rehnquist et al., 1991). The policy is not neutral and fair to both genders and how lead affects them either. According to the company, lead affects only the female gender despite concrete evidence that it poses adverse effects on the male reproductive organs. The law also cites that unless the pregnant employees differ from others in their expertise, they must all get both equal treatment and opportunities (Rehnquist et al., 1991). In addition, legislative history and case law bar an employer from discriminating against pregnant women or their pregnancy capacity unless their condition prevents them from performing the expected duties. The employees’ fetuses are neither customers nor employees whose safety is a concern of the company’s management (Rehnquist et al., 1991). In this context, the respondents should get rid of their policy as the fem ale fertile employees participate in manufacturing lead batteries similar to other peers. Alternatives Would getting rid of the policy of the company not tarnish the company’s image and still keep the fertile female employees’ comfortable working for the company? Yes, this move by the company would motivate fertile females in the company besides prompting them to work more comfortably and harder than before. This would also be a means of enhancing good publicity of the company in the society because the policy adheres to the female discriminatory law, which contradicts with business ethics (Rehnquist et al., 1991). However, by taking this move, the company would be putting the fetus, the fertile mothers and their future families at great risks. This is because lead exposure to fertile women

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (Facility Design) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (Facility Design) - Essay Example Another consideration to keep in mind in facility design is the management of equipment replacement or its maintenance to comply with business continuity plans (Meyers & Stephens, 2004). There are instances where facility design also includes working with the landscape of the infrastructure to maximize the space. This is mostly true in facilities where the cost of real estate or usable space is expensive however, business operations and logistics consideration mandate that they work within the infrastructure. From a management perspective facility designs should provide operational efficiencies that would assure more production output. The facility design of a printing and enveloping facility of a billing service company will be examined. The primary focus of the analysis is to ensure that wastage in terms of time and product routing are not only exposed but quantified. However, health and safety factors including business continuity considerations will also be taken into considerati ons to ensure that the optimum design is being followed or not. The flexibility of the components of the facility will also be examined to determine their efficacy when it comes to their function. Attached is the rough drawing of the facility design using blocks to represent the major equipment in the facility. Given the nature of their business, the company name and location will be kept confidential for security reasons. Printing and Enveloping Facility loading area for bills for delivery and loading area for raw materials Postal Area Segregation Section Paper Cooling and Staging area for enveloping Print Paper and Envelop storage area. Evaluation and Analysis After the processing of the image of the bill in the computer, the generated file will be printed using the high speed laser printers. After the bill has been printed the bill forms will be staged and cooled at room temperature to prevent warping at the inserting machine. Once cooled the inserting machines will cut and fold the bills and put them into envelops together with promotional inserts if there are any. The inserted bill will then be segregated by their area to determine the amount of their postage. The posting machines will then mark each bill for postage. The segregation process will also segregate the bills that are faster and cheaper to deliver through a delivery service. The rest of the bills will be sent through regular postal mail service. The bills generated through this process are the customers of the clients of the mailing service that opted for printed bills instead of email or electronic bills. The areas to consider in the analysis of the facility design are the materials used and how they are affected by each of the process. An example of this is how the papers are heated by the printing process which makes it very pliant. This makes it difficult to cut and fold the bills for it to be properly inserted in envelops. Since this is a real concern it makes sense for air conditioners t o cool the staging area after printing before they are inserted into the enveloping machines as indicated in the facility design. There are only two printers as against three inserting machines since the printer is much faster than the enveloping machines. The printers also generate a lot of heat that it makes sense to have more air coolers in

The Milgram Experiment of Obedience :: essays research papers

Milgram’s experiment of obedience was done in 1961 soon after WW2 and the trials for war crimes against the Nazi’s were being done. An ad was placed in the newspaper for a Memory and Learning Experiment at $4.50 an hour, but the experiment was ultimately on Obedience. The experiment was conducted on behalf of Adolph Eichmann who was convicted of war crimes, and crimes against humanity, but he was only following orders. Eichmann filled out death warrants but never carried out the killings. The objective of the experiment was to find out if people would obey higher authority even though what they were doing was morally wrong. There would be the experimenter who recorded the teacher’s reactions and answered questions of the teacher. The learner, an actor not actually harmed, was supposedly shocked every time he had given a wrong answer and each time he was wrong he would be shocked with more voltage than the one before. The teacher administered questions to the lear ner along with the shocks for the wrong answer. What the teacher thought he was doing was giving a painful shock, not deadly shock to the learner to test of punishment leads to better memory. During the experiment very few actually went against authority, even though all shocked the learner at 300W and on. Over 50% went to the full amount of electricity. In fact a prediction from other psychologist suggested that not even 1% of the subjects would follow up to the last switch on the generator. During the experiment, teachers, the actual subjects, became nervous. The teachers began questioning the experimenter, who told them to go on and that he was the one talking all the responsibility of the teachers’ actions. This persuaded many teachers to go on feeling obligated to follow authority even though the teachers knew they were doing something morally wrong. The teachers fidgeted a lot, moved the hands, pulled out cigarettes and looking around, talking fast, etc. which are all signs of nervousness. Despite their nervousness and morality they listened to authority to continue long after the learner was not responding.

Present and Potential use of the media spaces facilitated by digital communication technologies in Japan

Management guru Peter Drucker had commented that â€Å"the future was always already happening somewhere; it was just a question of spotting it†. Most people across the globe are aware of the technological breakthroughs and advances that the developed countries have made in the fields of science and technology. Asian countries take a backstage in development in such related areas. With the advent of globalization and liberalization of economies in Asia the flow of science and technology has rapidly swept the landscape of most of these countries that has led to huge pools of talent in the Information Technology and Mobile Telecommunications sector.Japan has been labeled as one of the most technologically innovative nations second to the United States. The country has witnessed significant growth in technology across various industrial segments ranging from automobiles to video games consoles. The Internet has assumed great significance in improved accessibility and communicatio n. It has revealed a whole new dimension to sharing and disseminating information across the globe with vast potentials to reap commercial and social benefits.The Internet has changed the way people perceive markets and commerce today in addition to the highly efficient networking benefits that it offers. Its global reach, high degree of interactivity, speed of information exchange, and the ability to connect people from various parts of the globe has rendered the Internet medium indispensable for most businesses and homes today. The World Wide Web is yet unexplored in terms of its potentials in conducting online business, technologies that can further enhance its interactivity features, and networking benefits that can be expanded in future.The components like e-mail, websites, social networking communities online, blogs, video conferencing, and net telephony have enabled efficient interaction between individuals from across the globe. Information and Communication Technologies (IC T) has created new enhanced mode of communication possible in the 21st century. This trend has heralded a series of innovations in the field of communication technologies enabling enhanced connectivity and platform for smoother interaction between individuals.An important aspect of technological development that has revolutionized the digital communication era is the mobile telephony. Widespread use of cellular technology to communicate freely from any place anytime has expanded the reach within individuals and the rapid penetration of this technology to both developed and underdeveloped economies has created tremendous opportunities for business growth. Growth and penetration of Internet in JapanThe Japanese economic growth is impressive in the Asian subcontinent constituting a major chunk of the high net worth individuals and progressive economic indicators. The country has a Gross National Income per capita of US$ 38,980 in the year 2006, as estimated by the World Bank. This has led to increasing number of people having the capacity to purchase latest gadgets and technological devices. The economy has witnessed rapid increase in the use of Internet and mobile technologies over the past few years.According World Internet Statistics, the percentage of population accessing Internet in Japan has risen from a mere 37. 1 percent in the year 2000 to 68 percent in the year 2007 with the total number of users increasing from 47,080,000 to 87,540,000. The broadband speed in Japan is eight to thirty times faster than the connectivity available in United States, as per Washington Post dated 29th August 2007. The article reports that the accessibility cost is much lower compared to prices in the US.Hence, â€Å"Japan has the world’s fastest Internet connection delivering more data at a lower cost than anywhere else. † (Washington Post) In light of these statistics it is evident that the Japanese economy is gaining rapid momentum in fields of technological development armed with a techno-savvy population that is willing to explore the new aspects of business commerce and instant communication trends. The growth and development in the fields of Information and Communication Technologies is directly correlated to a country’s economic growth and development.This sector has contributed significantly to the growth of the Japanese economy. The ICT sector contributed 0. 9 percent to the 2. 2 percent growth in GDP in the year 2005. The impact of the development in communication technologies is evident with the rise of electronic commerce and extensive use of the Internet for the purpose of business transactions. This has increased consumerism and sales of digital devices that are must haves for most individuals across the globe. Japan too is witnessing widespread consumerism for electronic devices and telecommunication services.The high-speed connection at low cost provided by the telecommunication service providers in this country has allowed efficient exchange of data and information online besides enabling high-definition teleconferencing and video chats. The number of people working from home is increasing owing to this efficient service. The government of Japan has facilitated rapid growth in this sector realizing the vital contribution that this will have on the overall economic growth and development. The role of digital communication technologies in globalization is vital.It is the rapid and efficient use of these technologies that has minimized the physical barriers and created a platform for smoother business transactions and information exchange across various corners of the globe without the hassle of traveling. The physical distance no longer poses a barrier to communities and businesses alike and the remarkable feature is the amount of time that is saved in communicating and transferring information from one corner of the globe to another. Japan has harnessed this sector to expand its economy and ot her related sectors that has benefited immensely from this sector.The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan states in its ICT report 2007 â€Å"The current state of global business development by the world’s major telecommunications carriers reveals that they are actively promoting global expansion by establishing local subsidiaries and through investment in local telecommunications carriers. † Telecommunication service providers are strongly vying against each other for increasing their market share since large number of individuals and businesses are opting for high-speed broadband connectivity and telephony services.The demand has been growing over the past few years and many international service providers are entering the market to capitalize on this market segment. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp (NTT) is a government controlled enterprise and currently is the largest telecommunication service provider in the country. But this company is faci ng severe competition from the entry of other multinationals. NTT launched the optical fiber system to provide connectivity at 100 megabits per second that is 17 times faster than the US cable connections.The Washington Post article states that approximately 8. 8 million homes in Japan have access to Internet using this optical fiber system. This has revolutionized many aspects of life in Japan. For instance, the high-resolution video conferencing has enabled pathologists to examine tissue samples from patients living in remote areas with the help of remote controlled microscopes. The high-quality image made possible with the use of optical fiber system has rendered huge benefits to people residing in areas that do not have easy access to large hospitals.The globalization and development in communication technologies have led to the growth of virtual organizations that are visible in the forms of virtual linkages with supply chain partners, outsourcing, virtual malls, or electronic market places and telework. The rise of virtual organizations was greatly facilitated by the innovative applications and developments in the field of Internet commerce. The e-commerce initially referred to exchange of stored data and information between related companies.Developments in scope of applications have enabled the suppliers and service providers to directly communicate with their customers online and this has created a whole new concept of business management. Businesses across the globe realize the huge potential that the e-commerce implies and are adopting new strategies to take advantage of the extensive consumer reach through the Internet. Digitization in Japan The rapid penetration of Information Technology and increased networking abilities in the country created the need for digitization of the various departments and institutions both in the public and private sector.Japan has carried out extensive digitization work in the last few years owing to the rapid penetra tion of Information Technology in all fields and industries. The United Nations report on digitization of the government department in Japan observes â€Å"the digitization of the administration is designed to make it more convenient for the people, simplify the administration and improve its efficiency and transparency, through the use of IT in every field of the administration and a review of existing systems and practices.†The various government departments have been streamlined using the new technology and telecommunication networking to achieve an effective coordination and information flow across departments. The need to regulate and monitor the flow of data and information becomes highly critical in all businesses. The government of Japan undertook special care to promote digitization across all public institutions as well as private sector to enable efficient management of the systems and promote improved quality of services to the nation. Cellular phone technology in JapanMobile phones have become an essential part of today’s life and it is difficult to imagine moving around without one of these gadgets in the pocket. This device is a new addition to the digital communication modes and has revolutionized the pace and ease of connectivity between individuals. Few years’ back the pagers had been launched and the instant messaging device had created a huge impact on means of communication. The portable device had been first launched in the year 1968 in Japan and was mainly used by sales representatives and doctors to send instant messages and communicate any kind of emergency requirements.The limitation of this device was that it could not be used to receive or make calls and could be used for receiving messages only. The car phone introduced by Japan in the year 1979 was the first of its kind in mobile telephones. This technology was gradually upgraded to take shape of the mobile phones used today. The current form of mobile phone s ervice started in the year 1987 in Japan. The high fees levied on the use of theses mobile phones rendered them exclusively for the use of business purpose. Initially they were too expensive for use by the general public.Within few years of its launch the mobile phone services became cheaper and more accessible to the public. The rapid popularity of these devices among the masses created a new type of consumerism trend that was capitalized by the telecommunication companies providing the consumers with innovative technologies at competitive prices. The craze for the latest gadget in mobile telephones led to the launch of devices that used advanced technology converging the functions of a watch, camera, and phone into one pocket-sized device.Further innovations and technological breakthroughs gave way to smart devices that could explore the Internet, carry on video conferencing, and download music and movies with sharp clarity and features that enabled smooth picture quality. The mob ile phones have evolved greatly as a communication tool. The digital Japanese mobile phone services facilitate exchange of information using both voice and data. The phones have been equipped with Java applications to stimulate the Internet functionalities that allows net surfing, email exchange and file transfers.Additional features including camera enables the user to shoot pictures, upload and download images, video recording facility, connect to television channels, tunes into radio, play downloaded music with built in speaker systems have added whole new dimension to the mobile phone technology. Mobile phones are now being termed as smart phones owing to their extensive utility and features. The present generation comprises of techno freaks that love possessing hi-fi gadgets with advanced features and enhanced technology.The mobile phones are being replaced by i-pods launched by Sony and Apple. These devices converge the functionalities of the web, phone, camera, music player, video player, and video gaming consoles. Most of the technology companies in Japan are using convergence strategy to blend multiple functionalities into one simple looking device that is easy to use and carry around. These devices are primarily targeted towards the younger generation. Convergence technology in JapanJapan is the leading pioneer in new and innovative technology related product development that has spelled huge success for its economic growth. It is one of the leading nations using the convergence strategy to expand market for highly advanced range of products blending functionalities of many components into a single device. According to Jun Tanaka, general manager in the product planning development division at Seiko Instruments â€Å"a good converged product reflects both complexity and subtlety. It can be complex in function yet condensed so it’s efficient in use and appearance.†It is based on these principles that the product Wrist Companion is design ed that incorporate the features of a cell-phone, personal computer, and Personal Digital Assistant. This can be worn on the wrist like a watch that makes it convenient to carry around unlike mobile phones that cannot be worn as an accessory. This is being launched by Seiko Instruments of Japan. The company claims to research the needs of the consumer for small and smart electronic devices that can be treated as a fashion accessory and yet meet the high tech needs of the users.Shortcomings of these technologies However, the efficiency of the individual functionalities may be blurred in the face of such multiple functioning devices. For instance, the camera attached to a mobile phone does not have the required clarity of images and a professional photographer would prefer to use a highly equipped camera specially suited for his needs. Similarly, the music player or video player built into the mobile phone does not have high resolution picture quality that can satisfy the user.It cann ot be compared to the home theatre system or normal television quality. This poses a serious limitation to the utility of such multi-functional devices. Another shortcoming of the use of these convergence technologies is the high cost involved in making these products that reflects on their market prices. The companies launching these products conduct extensive research that incurs huge costs before the product is finally launched into the markets Seiko Instruments conduct market surveys to research consumer needs and preferences before planning their product design.The Wrist Companion was designed after extensive market research and planning. The end product is sold in the market at a price of 20,000 to 30,000 yen. The Bluetooth mobile technology has also increased the price of the product in the market. However, consumers from higher income range are willing to pay the higher price of these sophisticated devices. These products may be out of reach for many individuals but the grow ing wealthy population in Japan has created huge market demand.These products are in high demand in international markets too with many countries importing electronic devices from Japan in bulk. This has influenced the trade balances of Japan positively over the past few decades. The growth and development of digital communication technologies has led to complete restructuring of the business processes and organizational strategies. Business corporations are using the information and communication technologies in areas that can directly impact the business efficiency and add value in terms of cost and benefits.The positive impacts of the use of these technologies in business ventures are felt in enhanced productivity, increased consumer reach, higher market shares, and efficient customer service. Another dimension to the benefits provided by the increased use of communication technologies is reflected in the change in life style of the individuals who are growing highly dependent on these devices for their day-to-day activities.

The Writings of J.D. Salinger Essay - 1513 Words

The Writings of J.D. Salinger Jerome David Salinger, known as J.D., is an American short story writer and novelist. He was born on January 1, 1919 and is still alive at the age of 81. J.D. Salinger was born and raised in Manhattan. He went to prep school at Valley Forge Military Academy from 1934-1936. He spent 5 months in Europe when he was 18 or 19 years old. Then, in 1937 and 1938 he studied at Ursinus College and New York University. From 1939 to 1942, he went to Columbia University where he decided to become a writer. Salinger published short story collections and one novel. His best known work, The Catcher in the Rye, was published in 1951. The short stories he wrote were Nine Stories in 1953, Franny and Zooey in 1961,†¦show more content†¦By the time they make it through the end of the story they have changed for the better. One of these characters that he writes about in this situation is Holden Caufield in The Catcher in the Rye. He starts off in a bad situation because he has just flunked out o f his third private boarding school. He finally gives up life on his own in Manhattan and returns home in solitude where he finds happiness. The critics found these situations that the characters were in debatable (Hamilton 113). In Franny and Zooey, Franny and Zooey Glass are an example of Salingers misfit characters of the 60s. They are brother and sister who are super-intelligent freaks and cannot deal with society or reality. The controversy comes when they must chose between Salingers two worlds - the real or phony. Their older brothers teach them Zen Buddhism and many other religions and philosophies. Salinger uses this religious theme with these two characters to show how they have to deal with their world of religion and how they have to stop using religion to deal with their problems (Green). This religious theme was a controversial one for the author. Salinger often uses religion for comfort. He leads his characters on a journey for happiness through religion. It is a way to free them. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy to attain this freedom. The Zen Philosophy was a new sect of Buddhism thatShow MoreRelatedJ.D. Salinger is Holden Caulfield1666 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Sali nger is an odd character with a colorful background. He was a young man unable to complete college and obtain a degree, yet he was made very popular due to his writing abilities. â€Å"Despite his slim body of work and reclusive lifestyle, ‘Salinger’ was one of the more influential twentieth century American writers.† states Biography.com, â€Å"His landmark novel, Catcher in the Rye, set a new course for literature in post World War II America.† The Catcher in the Rye told aRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Salinger And Holden Caulfield1671 Words   |  7 PagesHolden Caulfield has many conflicts and life lessons. Throughout the story the author, J.D. Salinger, creates events that make the main character realize that in life people change and grow. The message behind the story is let children grab the â€Å"gold ring† and you can’t always be the catcher in the rye. All of the things that make Holden who he is have many resemblances to the life of the author, J.D. Salinger.   Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the similarities between Holden and Salinger’s lives are they both attendedRead More salinger Essay843 Words   |  4 Pages LIFE AND PHILOSOPHY OF J.D. SALINGER J.D. Salinger is one of the most renowned writers of his time. J. D. Salinger is most known for his controversial in the Catcher in the Rye. Salinger is also known for many of his writings such as Franney and Zooey, Nine Stories, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters. The summer of 1930 he was voted â€Å"The Most Popular Writer†. â€Å"Salinger is a beautifully deft, professional who gives us a chance to catch quick, half-amused, half-frightened glimpses ofRead MoreHolden Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 898 Words   |  4 PagesRye, by J.D. Salinger, the main character and narrator Holden Caulfeild walks many different paths of life. He jumps around different aspects of his life throughout the book, showing the reader many different sides to himself. This theme is presented through the author’s technique in crafting the characterization and symbolism. J.D. Salinger develops a puzzle of a personality for Holden throughout the book, to show the complexity and mult itude of sides to Holden’s character. One way that J.D. SalingerRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Abstract Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesAuthor: Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger Author’s Background: J.D. Salinger was born on January 1, 1919, in New York City, New York. Jerome David Salinger was born to Sol Salinger and his wife Miriam (J.D. Salinger). Though he was a bright young man, when he attended McBurney School, he ended up flunking out and was soon after sent to Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania (J.D. Salinger). After graduating Valley Forge, a couple years later, Salinger finally found the right schoolRead More The Catcher and the Rye / Huckleberry Finn Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagesto twist or stretch the meaning in order to fit the material to which it applies. For example, the way J.D Salinger applies innocence to his work is quite different from the way Mark Twain uses innocence. Innocence also changes accordingly with the time period. The definition of innocence is dynamic with respect to author and time period, as illustrated in The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D Salinger and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. Throughout history the concept of innocence in literatureRead MoreSalinger s A Pretty Good Life Growing Up1269 Words   |  6 PagesGiselle Baez Ms. Cordil English 11R - A 11 May 2016 J.D. Salinger had a pretty good life growing up. He was born in New York City on January 1, 1919. Salinger’s academics weren t one of his priorities, but he did want to become one of the most famous authors. After failing several prep schools, he finally graduated from Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania (Telgen 117). He went to numerous colleges including Columbia University but didn t graduate from any. Salinger’s early adultRead MoreSummary Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye And Franny And Zooey 1966 Words   |  8 PagesSpecifically, J.D. Salinger. He is a well-known author who has wrote many influential books such as The Catcher in the Rye and Franny and Zooey. Salinger’s childhood, education, significant people, major influences,and historical events have all had an impact on how he became the face of a literary movement as well as his contributions to the art of American Literature. Jerome David Salinger was born on January 1, 1919 in New York CIty. His mother, Mariam Salinger, and father, Sol Salinger, also hadRead MoreEssay about J.D. Salingers Development of Holden Caulfield1174 Words   |  5 Pages Many authors put their own life as inspiration towards their works and characters. J.D. Salinger’s character development of Holden Caulfield has been affected by Salinger’s complications in his school life, devastating past relationships, and overwhelming traumatic events during his pre-The Catcher in the Rye adulthood. J.D. Salinger’s school life had many significant events that are shown through Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye. In the novel, the 17-year-old Holden Caulfield leavesRead MoreComparison Of IM Crazy By J. D. Salinger746 Words   |  3 PagesWhen J.D. Salinger went to war, he not only affected his own life, but also the life of Holden Caulfield. Similarities between Salinger and Caulfield are too numerous to write off as coincidence: both went to and flunked out of prep schools, and both had a penchant for language classes. Salinger’s life greatly impacted the plot and style of his works because Salinger used himself as inspiration for Holden, as demonstrated through â€Å"I’m Crazy†, â€Å"Slight Rebellion off Madison†, and The Catcher in the